Does a detachment level exist beneath the Ceraunius Fossae? Insights from graben mapping and lost-area balancing analysis     

F. Borraccini  L. Lanci  F.C. Wezel 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(7):701-709

We took advantage of the close relationship between graben width and rheology of the involved materials (e.g., number, thickness and spacing of rheological layers, presence of mechanical discontinuities of different nature) and attempted to obtain information about the mechanical stratigraphy of the Ceraunius Fossae area (Northern Tharsis Region). The possible existence of detachment levels beneath the Ceraunius Fossae area were investigated using the lost-area balancing method and a topographic profile derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. Results suggest a marked difference in structural style between the western and eastern sectors of the study area, which is interpreted as a result of different mechanical stratigraphies. On the western sector the maximum depth reached by grabens is well localized within 1000 m from the topographic surface suggesting the existence of a detachment level, which we interpret as a weak horizon at the base of the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian units. The ductile behaviour of this horizon could be favoured by the presence of volatile reservoir or ice. In the eastern sector of the profile (HNf and Hf units) the maximum depth reached by the grabens is scattered and does not support the existence of clearly defined detachment horizons suggesting that Noachian Fractured Rocks are mechanically homogeneous. A maximum depth, however, could be established.  相似文献   

ADI BAROTROPIC OCEAN MODEL FOR SIMULATON OF KUROSHIO INTRUSION INTO CHINA SOUTHEASTERN WATERS     

方越  方国洪  于克俊 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,(4)

In this numerical model for simulating the Kuroshio intrusion into the East and South China Seas,vertically averaged marine hydrodynamic equations governing ocean currents and long-period waves areapproximated by a set of two-time-level semi-implicit finite difference equations. The major terms in-cluding the local acceleration, sea-surface slope, Coriolis force and the bottom friction are approxi-mated with the Crank-Nicholson scheme, which is of second order accuracy. The advection terms are app-roximated with the Leith scheme. The difference equations are split into two sets of alternating directionimplicit quations, each of which has a tridiagonal matrix and can be easily solved. The model reproduces a major Kuroshio intrusion north of Luzon Island, one north of Taiwan Island, andone west of the Tokara Strait. The model shows a current system running from the Luzon Strait to the coastof Vietnam and Hainan Island, through the Taiwan Strait and then into the Tsushima Strait. The summerand winter monso  相似文献   

Pressure–temperature–time evolution of the Central East Greenland Caledonides: quantitative constraints on crustal thickening and synorogenic extension     

A. P. White  K. V. Hodges 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2003,21(9):875-897

Whereas geologists have known for three‐quarters of a century that there was significant crustal thickening in the central East Greenland Caledonides, the crucial role of extensional faulting during Caledonian orogenesis has only been recognized during the past decade. In this paper, new petrographic and thermobarometric observations are presented from migmatitic metasedimentary gneisses of the Forsblad Fjord region (c. 72.5°N). Samples of the Krummedal Sequence, collected from the footwall of the upper of two significant splays of the main extensional fault system in the region—the Fjord Region Detachment (FRD)—enable us to establish a relative sequence of metamorphism. Our pressure (P)–temperature (T) results imply a clockwise loop in P–T space. As recorded by mineral assemblages in the Krummedal gneisses, prograde metamorphism involved a net increase of c. 4 kbar and 250 °C, with peak conditions of c. 10.5 kbar at 785 °C. Early burial and heating was followed by near‐isothermal decompression of 4.5 kbar, a process which is attributed to roughly 18 km of tectonostratigraphic throw on the upper splay of the FRD. Combining data reported here with the published data, it is estimated that the approximate tectonostratigraphic throw along the lower splay of the FRD was c. 16 km. In situ U–Th–Pb‐monazite electron microprobe dating suggests that the earliest phase of metamorphism recorded in the Krummedal Sequence gneisses of Forsblad Fjord occurred during the Caledonian orogeny. Furthermore, the combination of our new data with existing conventional TIMS U‐Pb and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data imply that: (1) movement along the uppermost splay of the FRD (c. 425–423 Ma) occurred at maximum time‐averaged slip‐rates equivalent to c. 9 mm of vertical displacement per year; and (2) that the final stages of metamorphism occurred prior to c. 411 Ma, although part of this denudation was likely accommodated on overlying extensional structures that may have been active more recently. There is close agreement between our data and results from the Krummedal Sequence north of the field area (72.5°?74°N), and rocks of the Smallefjord Sequence (75°?76°N) that are suggested to correlate with the Krummedal Sequence. This leads us to infer that the events recorded in the Forsblad Fjord region are of orogen‐scale significance.  相似文献   

Cretaceous evolution of a metamorphic core complex,the Veporic unit,Western Carpathians (Slovakia): P–T conditions and in situ40Ar/39Ar UV laser probe dating of metapelites     

M. Jank  D. Pla&#x;ienka  M. Frey  M. Cosca  S. TH. Schmidt  B. Luptk  &#x;. Mres 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(2):197-216

Alpine metamorphism, related to the development of a metamorphic core complex during Cretaceous orogenic events, has been recognized in the Veporic unit, Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Three metamorphic zones have been distinguished in the metapelites: 1, chloritoid + chlorite + garnet; 2, garnet + staurolite + chlorite; 3, staurolite + biotite + kyanite. The isograds separating the metamorphic zones have been modelled by discontinuous reactions in the system K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O (KFMASH). The isograds are roughly parallel to the north‐east‐dipping foliation related to extensional updoming along low‐angle normal faults. Thermobarometric data document increasing P–T conditions from c. 500 °C and 7–8 kbar to c. 620 °C and 9–10 kbar, reflecting a coherent metamorphic field gradient from greenschist to middle amphibolite facies. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data obtained by high spatial resolution in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation of white micas from the rock slabs constrain the timing of cooling and exhumation in the Late Cretaceous. Mean dates are between 77 and 72 Ma; however, individual white mica grains record a range of apparent ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages indicating that cooling below the blocking temperature for argon diffusion was not instantaneous. The reconstructed metamorphic P–T–t path is ‘clockwise’, reflecting post‐burial decompression and cooling during a single Alpine orogenic cycle. The presented data suggest that the Veporic unit evolved as a metamorphic core complex during the Cretaceous growth of the Western Carpathian orogenic wedge. Metamorphism was related to collisional crustal shortening and stacking, following closure of the Meliata Ocean. Exhumation was accomplished by synorogenic (orogen‐parallel) extension and unroofing in an overall compressive regime.  相似文献   

长江三峡工程库首区仙女山断裂构造变形分析     

谭成轩 《大地测量与地球动力学》1992,(2)

本文运用磁组构及显微构造方法对仙女山断裂构造变形进行分析,进而为仙女山断裂的延仲发展问题提供了理论参考依据。  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of extension fracture systems: A process modeling approach     

Colin C. Ferguson 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(4):403-425

Little consensus exists on how best to analyze natural fracture spacings and their sequences. Field measurements and analyses published in geotechnical literature imply fracture processes radically different from those assumed by theoretical structural geologists. The approach adopted in this paper recognizes that disruption of rock layers by layer-parallel extension results in two spacing distributions, one representing layer-fragment lengths and another separation distances between fragments. These two distributions and their sequences reflect mechanics and history of fracture and separation. Such distributions and sequences, represented by a 2 × nmatrix of lengths L,can be analyzed using a method that is history sensitive and which yields also a scalar estimate of bulk extension, e(L).The method is illustrated by a series of Monte Carlo experiments representing a variety of fracture-and-separation processes, each with distinct implications for extension history. Resulting distributions of e(L) are process-specific, suggesting that the inverse problem of deducing fracture-and-separation history from final structure may be tractable.  相似文献   

基于优化技术的权重计算方法在岩体质量评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖云华  王清  陈剑平 《岩土力学》2009,30(9):2686-2690

基于模糊数学和可拓学的岩体质量评价,其关键环节就是权重的确定。目前,尽管权重的确定方法有很多,但不能很方便地服务于实际工程。引入可拓学等级特征值的概念,将权重计算问题转化为优化问题来解决是一个新的有意义的探索。将混沌优化算法和可拓评判方法结合起来,对样本数据进行反分析,从而获得权重。根据实际情况选择影响指标,建立评价标准,提取样本数据,应用程序CAExWeigh.exe对样本数据进行分析。结合实际工程地质情况分析计算结果,表明该方法计算结果是可靠的;同时还表明,从一定意义上来说,权重是因素影响程度统计意义上的均值,且只有当其指标值在一定范围内变化才有意义。  相似文献   

下扬子地区古生代盆地的改造变形          下载免费PDF全文

丁道桂王东燕  刘运黎 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):61-73

包括苏北-南黄海地区在内的下扬子区海相古生界盆地,在中三叠世末以来的构造演化过程中,经历了3期不同性质构造作用的改造变形。(1)在中三叠世末-早、中侏罗世的印支运动期,发生了江南-雪峰基底拆离体由南东向北西方向(同时派生由南向北,由东向西方向)的逆冲推覆,以及后缘弹性松弛断陷构造作用的改造,使海相古生界盆地发生了第Ⅰ期的由强及弱、递进衰减的逆冲 褶皱变形。(2)在晚侏罗-早白垩世的燕山运动期,叠加了第Ⅱ期以郯庐断裂带为代表的NNE向大陆平移走滑构造的左行简单剪切,以及拉分断陷构造作用的改造变形。(3)在晚白垩世-古近纪的喜马拉雅运动期,下扬子区在由南向北的伸展拆离与多米诺式拉张断陷构造作用下,受到了第Ⅲ期的变形改造。这3期构造变形作用促使扬子板块海相油气的早期聚集、晚期热演化和再分配。文中将重点讨论下扬子区板内海相古生界盆地自中三叠世末以来所经历的3期不同性质构造作用的改造变形。  相似文献   

Variability of the currents in the Luzon Strait during spring of 2002 obtained from observations and satellite geostrophic currents and spectral analyses     

YaoChu Yuan  GuangHong Liao  HuiQun Wang  RuYun Lou  Hong Chen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(4):519-531

The structure and variability of the currents in the Luzon Strait during spring of 2002 are studied, based on the current measurements at the average position of the mooring station (20°49′57"N, 120°48′12"E) from March 17 to April 15, 2002, satellite geostrophic currents in the Luzon Strait, and the spectral analyses, using the maximum entropy method. The subtidal currents at the mooring station show de-creased amplitudes downward with an anti-cyclonic rotation, suggesting that the currents enter and exit t...  相似文献   

黑潮与东海水交换研究     

张瑞冰  侯一筠  刘亚豪 《海洋科学》2017,41(12):117-126

利用高分辨率ROMS(regional ocean modeling system)数值模式模拟东海地区的多年平均流态。数值模拟结果在黑潮的流速、路径、流量等方面与近年来对黑潮的认识相一致。利用模式结果,计算东海及邻近海域主要水道的水通量。结果表明:台湾海峡、中国台湾-西表岛之间水道是海水进入东海的主要通道,对马海峡、吐噶喇海峡、大隅海峡与西表岛-宫古岛-冲绳岛-庵美大岛之间水道是海水流出东海的主要通道。分析PN断面的流量的变化特征,结果表明黑潮流量在春季与夏季较大,秋季与冬季较小,年平均流量为24.16 Sv,与前人研究结果一致。计算跨越200 m等深线的年平均净向岸体积输送为0.99 Sv,在台湾东北与九州西南地区表现为黑潮入侵陆架地区,年平均入侵流量分别为1.907 Sv与0.065 Sv,在黑潮中段地区,跨越200 m等深线流量呈现交错状分布,年平均净通量为0.982 Sv,表现为由东海陆架地区流向黑潮。上述结果对黑潮与东海之间物质与能量交换研究有一定参考价值。  相似文献